Football statistics articles: league comparisons and data explainers

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Each piece is computed from the same league tables the rest of the site publishes, so its figures move with the season rather than freezing on the day it was written.

The section is built around one question: what a league table can tell you about a championship, and where it stops explaining anything at all. The pieces draw on 62 divisions, 1020 clubs and 3,323 matches played — the same data the rest of the site is built from.

Each piece follows the same shape. A measure is computed across every division, the top and the bottom of the resulting list are examined, and then the piece says plainly what the measure does not capture. That last part usually matters more than the first. Home-win share, for instance, describes a league and not a club: within a single division the spread between clubs is wider than the spread between divisions.

The figures are not frozen on the day of publication. They are recomputed alongside the tables, so a piece opened six months from now shows the season as it stands then rather than as it stood when the text was written. Comparisons are therefore only meaningful at the same point of a season: early on any average is noisy, and it settles at roughly a third of the way through.

League size deserves its own caveat. A division of twelve clubs plays half the matches of a division of twenty, and its figures are only as steady as that sample allows. The same applies across tiers: lower divisions are more prolific almost everywhere, and the difference comes from the spread of quality inside the league rather than from any style of play.

Common questions

How often do the figures update?

With the tables themselves: every measure is recomputed at each build rather than fixed on the day of publication. The date of the last change is shown on each page.

Where does the data come from?

From the same tables the Tables section publishes: 62 divisions across 31 countries. Only competitions with a complete results grid are included, because without one the separate home and away records cannot be computed.

Why do the numbers look odd early in a season?

Because the sample is small. After two or three rounds a single run of results moves a league average far more than the same run would in March. Figures settle at roughly a third of the season.

Can divisions from different countries be compared?

Divisions at the same level, yes, allowing for the number of clubs. Comparing a first tier with another country’s second tier is possible, but the conclusion will be about the gap between levels rather than between championships.